38 языков программирования. Я попробовал их все!

Привет, энтузиасты кода!

В этой статье мне бы хотелось поделиться с вами своим опыт знакомства с более чем 30 языками программирования. Я надеюсь, что, ознакомившись с данным пособием, вы узнаете что-то новое и сможете выбрать язык программирования для собственных целей.

К концу этой статьи вы либо будете смеяться, пока вернётесь к своему текстовому редактору...либо будете плакать, потому что не сможете решить, какой язык изучать дальше.

Но эй, по крайней мере, это будет весело!

А теперь... давайте перейдем прямо к этой сокровищнице программирования! ⌨💻🌐

Scratch позволяет вам развивать свои навыки кодирования, как ребёнку, играющему с Lego. А кто не любит Lego?

when green flag clicked // Scratch uses blocks instead of text-based code, making it beginner-friendly! say "Hello, world!" for 2 seconds move (10) steps // Motion blocks control movement - here we tell the sprite to take a walk! turn cw (15) degrees // Scratch's way of saying "Take a right turn!". CW stands for clockwise. change color effect by (25) // Jazz up your sprite with some colors! This block changes the hue. if on edge, bounce // No more falling off the stage! With this block, sprites always stay in sight.

BASIC — это дедушка языков программирования для начинающих, в котором вы сможете найти некие основы кодинга.

10 REM This is a BASIC program - it's super simple and fun! 15 REM The following line prints "HELLO WORLD" on the screen. 20 PRINT "HELLO WORLD" 25 REM Let's do some math! We'll start by assigning values to variables A and B. 30 LET A = 42: LET B = 7 35 REM Now we will calculate the sum, difference, product, and quotient of A and B. 40 LET SUM = A + B: LET DIFFERENCE = A - B: LET PRODUCT = A * B: LET QUOTIENT = INT(A / B) 45 REM Time to display our results with a sprinkle of humor! 50 PRINT "THE ANSWER TO LIFE, THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING PLUS LUCKY NUMBER SEVEN IS "; SUM 55 PRINT "BUT IF YOU SUBTRACT LUCKY NUMBER SEVEN FROM IT... POOF! YOU GET "; DIFFERENCE 60 PRINT "MULTIPLYING THEM GIVES US"; PRODUCT; ", WHICH MIGHT BE USEFUL SOMEWHERE (WHO KNOWS?)" 65 PRINT "AND DIVIDING THEM BRINGS OUR UNIVERSE BACK IN BALANCE WITH THE RESULT OF "; QUOTIENT 70 END REM Some basics about BASIC: REM - It stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. REM - Line numbers are used to organize code statements in sequence. REM - 'PRINT' command displays output on the screen. REM - Variables can be assigned using 'LET', but you can also directly use variable names without it too!

Python прост как пирог, но не ешьте слишком много, иначе у вас будет несварение желудка (из-за всех этих отступов).

# Python is an interpreted high-level language, known for its readability and ease of use print("Hello snek!") # It uses dynamic typing - no need to specify variable types explicitly! How cool (and risky) is that? fav_food = "mice" # Don't forget about our beloved list comprehensions! squares = [x**2 for x in range(11)] # Indentation matters in Python. Tab or space? That's the real question. if fav_food == "mice": print("Snek loves mice!") else: print("What kind of snek doesn't love mice?") # Errors are raised as exceptions, but we can catch them with try-except blocks try: result = 5 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError: print("Sneks don't do math well.") # One last thing: everything in Python is an object. Even functions! def wiggle(): return "Wiggle wiggle." snek_wiggle_function = wiggle print(snek_wiggle_function())

JavaScript может быть уродливым и грязным временами, но так же, как и большинство наших спален, мы всё ещё живем в них.

// Semicolons are optional in JavaScript but let's use them for fun; console.log("Hello world... Now with more semicolons;"); // Variables can be declared using var, let or const. Don't be a "var"barian! let coolVar = 'Be cool, use "let";'; // Template literals: Because concatenation is too mainstream. const coolerVar = `Even better with \`${coolVar}\``; // Log our cooler variable to the console; console.log(coolerVar); // Arrow functions: Shorter syntax & lexical this binding. Neat! const addEmUp = (a, b) => a + b + ';'; // Call our arrow function; console.log(`Adding 3 and 7 gives us ${addEmUp(3, 7)}!`);

Java — это язык, который отказывается умирать — он как зомби, но с лучшим синтаксисом.

// Java is a popular high-level, object-oriented programming language. public class HelloWorld { // The 'main' method serves as the entry point for our program execution. public static void main(String[] args) { // System.out.println() is used to print text to the console. It's an essential debugging tool! System.out.println("BRAINS! I mean... Hello World!"); // Java loves its curly braces and semi-colons - don't forget them or it'll get cranky! // In Java, everything belongs to a class, even zombies. So embrace your inner zombie coder! // If you're looking for more excitement in life (and code), try out other languages like JavaScript or Python. } }

C похож на ваш старый автомобиль из 70-х — он может быть не таким роскошным, как новые модели, но он всё равно доставит вас туда, куда вам нужно.

#include <stdio.h> // C's most basic library, allowing I/O operations like printf // main() is where your program starts execution, it's the heart of a C application int main() { printf("Hello vintage world!\n"); // printf is used to display text on screen // Fun fact: C was created back in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs! return 0; // Indicates successful execution to the operating system (OS) } /* C is a procedural language, which means you'll write programs using functions. It's incredibly fast and efficient - even modern programming languages rely on it! C lets you play with memory management directly, giving you great control & power, but remember: "With great power comes great responsibility." Don't mess up! ;) */

C++ даёт вам такие сверхспособности, как скорость и эффективность, только не пытайтесь летать или стрелять лазерами из глаз.

#include<iostream> using namespace std; // C++ is a statically-typed language, which means that types are checked at compile time. // It's an extension of the C programming language and supports object-oriented programming. int main() { // 'cout' stands for "console output" and is used to display text on the screen. cout << "Hello turbo-charged world!" << endl; // In C++, you don't need to use 'return 0;' in the main function as it's implied by default. // However, adding it explicitly can be considered good practice! }

C++ известен своей высокой производительностью и способностью разрабатывать сложные системы.

SQL позволяет вести глубокие беседы с базами данных, но не ожидайте, что они поделятся своими чувствами.

-- SQL (Structured Query Language) is the go-to language for interacting with relational databases. -- It allows you to create, read, update and delete data in a simple and intuitive way. SELECT 'Hello, relational world!' AS greeting; -- Here we SELECT a string value as an alias called "greeting". /* And now let's have some fun! */ CREATE TABLE cats (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), age INT); -- Create a table named "cats" with columns id, name and age. INSERT INTO cats (id, name, age) VALUES (1,'Mr. Whiskers', 3); -- Insert Mr. Whiskers into our cats table! SELECT * FROM cats WHERE age > 2; -- Let's find all the cool adult cats that are older than 2 years old. UPDATE cats SET age = 4 WHERE name = 'Mr. Whiskers'; -- Happy birthday Mr. Whiskers! Let's -- update your age in the database. DELETE FROM cats WHERE name = 'Mr. Whiskers'; -- Oh no! Mr. Whiskers has found a new home, let's remove him from our table. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM cats; -- Let's see how many cats are left in our table after Mr. Whiskers' departure. /* Congrats! You've now experienced some SQL magic. With these basics, you can dive deeper into the world of relational databases and data manipulation! */

PHP — рабочая лошадка Интернета; это может быть не самая красивая или самая быстрая лошадь, но она выполняет свою работу.

<?php // PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development. // It can also be used as a general-purpose programming language. /* The first thing you might notice is the "<?php" opening tag and "?>" closing tag. This tells the server to interpret everything between these tags as PHP code. */ echo "Hello World! I'm still relevant!"; // 'echo' is one of several ways to output data in PHP. It's fun, simple, and effective! $x = 42; $y = "Universe"; echo $x . ' - The answer to life, the ' . $y; // Concatenation with '.' operator ?>

Swift похож на новую блестящую игрушку от Apple — мы все хотим её, даже если мы ещё не уверены, что она делает.

// Swift - a modern, powerful language created by Apple for iOS and macOS development. // It's known for being expressive, safe-by-design, and enjoyable to write. print("Hello world fresh from Cupertino!") // Print function for displaying text let greeting = "Swift is fun" // 'let' creates an immutable constant (like const in JS) var mutableGreeting = "Swifter than you think!" // 'var' creates a mutable variable print(greeting) // Prints: Swift is fun mutableGreeting += " 😉" // String interpolation done using \(variable) print(mutableGreeting) // Prints: Swifter than you think! 😉 if greeting.count > mutableGreeting.count { print("Long live constants!") } else { print("Change it up with variables!") } // In Swift, the curly braces {} around if-else blocks are mandatory. No more confusion!

Kotlin похож на двоюродного брата Java, что заставляет задуматься, почему вы до сих пор общаетесь с Java.

// Welcome to Kotlin - a modern, concise, and expressive language! // It's the cool kid on the block for Android app development. fun main() { // Here's our simple "Hello World!" program in Kotlin. println("Hey there cool kids!") } /* * Fun fact: Kotlin is 100% interoperable with Java. That means you can have both * Java and Kotlin code in the same project without any issues! How awesome is that? */ /* * In Kotlin, functions are declared using 'fun' keyword. * Check out this funky example below: */ fun doTheFunkyThing(thing: String) = println("$thing just got funky!") /* * Goodbye semicolons! Unlike some of its older siblings (ahem...Java), * you don't need semicolons at the end of each statement in Kotlin. Neat, huh? */ /* * Life's too short for boilerplate code.Kotlin's got you covered with features like data classes and extension functions, * making your code shorter and cleaner. Say goodbye to that boilerplate nightmare! */ data class CoolKid(val name: String, val age: Int) /* * Null safety is one of Kotlin's shining stars. * You can't assign a null value to a variable unless you really want it (using '?'). * Now embrace the power of avoiding NullPointerExceptions - no more billion-dollar mistakes! */ val coolKidsClub: List<CoolKid?> = listOf(CoolKid("Alice", 25), null) /* * With Kotlin, you get both object-oriented programming and functional programming * in one neat package. Lambdas? Higher-order functions? Collections API? * Yup, we've got it all! Unleash the full potential of your code-fu skills. */ val evenCoolerKids = coolKidsClub.filterNotNull().filter { it.age >= 18 }

R похож на ботаника-математика, который любит статистику и анализ данных — будь милым, и он поможет тебе сдать экзамены.

# R is a language for statistical computing and graphics, loved by data scientists. cat("Hello, world of numbers!\n") # R has built-in support for vectorized operations, making it fast and easy to manipulate data. my_vector <- c(1, 2, 3) doubled_vector <- my_vector * 2 # Data frames are the backbone of working with data in R - think spreadsheet-like tables! my_data_frame <- data.frame(name = c("Alice", "Bob"), age = c(30, 25)) # The 'apply' family of functions allows you to apply a function to elements in vectors or data frames. sum_of_ages <- sum(my_data_frame$age) # Packages like ggplot2 make creating stunning visualizations almost as fun as playing with Lego bricks. library(ggplot2) ggplot(my_data_frame) + geom_col(aes(x=name,y=age))

Помните: «Жизнь коротка. Используйте R». 😉

Go — это эквивалент энергетического напитка на языке программирования; он заставит вас идти очень быстро!

package main import "fmt" // Go, also known as Golang, is a statically typed language that excels in concurrent programming. // It's fast and efficient like C++ but with the simplicity of Python. Your computer will go bonkers! func main() { // Here we have our entry point for any Go program - the main function. fmt.Println("Gopher speed!") // With just ten lines of code here, you can't unveil all its superpowers, // but never fear! You'll eventually find yourself using it to build robust systems! }

Dart на самом деле предназначен для создания красивых приложений с помощью Flutter.

// Dart is a versatile language developed by Google, used for web, server, and mobile applications. // It's popular for building cross-platform apps using the Flutter framework. main() { print('Hello from the dartboard!'); // This print function displays text to the console. } // Variables in Dart can be explicitly typed or inferred using `var`. int age = 30; String name = 'Dartman'; var weapon = 'Dartgun'; // Functions are easily defined with concise syntax and optional return types. bool isHero(String heroName) => heroName == 'Dartman'; print(isHero(name)); // true

C# для Java — это то же самое, что Бэтмен для Супермена — схожие возможности, но куда более крутые гаджеты (и Visual Studio).

using System; // C# is a statically typed, object-oriented language developed by Microsoft. // Unlike JavaScript, it has a clean syntax and strong typing support. class HelloWorld { // The Main method serves as the entry point for console applications in C#. static void Main() { // Console.WriteLine allows you to print messages on the screen. Very useful! Console.WriteLine("Greetings from Gotham!"); // With only 10 lines of code at our disposal, we can't conquer the world yet, // but hey! You could start an exciting career in software engineering with C#! } }

Помните, каждый супергерой с чего-то начинает. Изучайте и другие языки, и, возможно, однажды вы спасёте Готэм-сити своими навыками программирования!

Раньше Visual Basic спасал положение многих разработчиков, но теперь он живёт в тени, как супергерой на пенсии.

' Visual Basic is an easy-to-read, powerful language developed by Microsoft. ' VB.NET, a modern version of Visual Basic, is part of the .NET framework. Module HelloWorld ' "Sub Main()" serves as the entry point for our program execution. Sub Main() ' Console.WriteLine() outputs text to the console window. Console.WriteLine("Hello from the Batcave! Alfred's serving tea.") ' Let's show some basic math operations and string concatenation! Dim batMath As Integer = 5 + 3 * (8 - 2) Console.WriteLine("Batman solved this: " & batMath.ToString()) End Sub End Module

Perl подобен тому старому швейцарскому армейскому ножу, который у вас есть — очень полезный и универсальный, но его трудно освоить.

# Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) is a dynamic, versatile language known for its text processing abilities. print "Hey there, pearl of wisdom!\n"; # Prints a string with a newline character at the end my $name = "Larry Wall"; # Declare a scalar variable named 'name' holding the creator of Perl's name print "Perl was created by $name.\n"; # Variable interpolation within double quotes makes it fun! if ($name eq "Larry Wall") { # Use 'eq' to compare strings in Perl print "You know your history!\n"; } for my $i (1..5) { # A C-style loop isn't always needed. This range operator is unique! print "$i\n"; } @array = qw(Perl Python Ruby); # Create an array using qw() - quote words syntax for elegance $size = @array; # Get the size of an array just like that! No need for functions. print "@array are popular languages. Total: $size\n";

Ruby похож на драгоценный камень — красивый, ценный, и каждый хочет, чтобы он был в его коллекции.

# Ruby is a high-level, dynamic programming language with an elegant syntax. # It emphasizes simplicity and productivity, making it a favorite among developers. puts 'Hello shiny world!' # Puts (short for "put string") displays the text in the console. def greet(name) # Defining a function called `greet` that takes one argument, `name`. "Hi there, #{name}!" # String interpolation allows you to insert variables directly into strings. end puts greet('Rubyist') # Call the function with an argument and display the result. 3.times { puts 'Ruby rocks!' } # This demonstrates Ruby's powerful blocks feature. (1..5).each do |num| # Ranges are used to represent sequences. Here we loop through numbers 1 to 5. puts num * num # Print each number squared using arithmetic operations within `puts`. end

Scala похож на классного кузена, который появляется на семейных собраниях с бокалом вина и рассказывает о функциональном программировании.

// Welcome to Scala! It's a blend of object-oriented and functional programming, running on the JVM. object HelloWorld extends App { // 'object' creates a singleton instance. 'extends App' is for simple command-line programs. println("Hello, fancy world!") // Unlike Java: no semicolons needed! Scala infers them. val greeting = "Have an awesome day!" // 'val' declares an immutable variable. Think of it as a constant in other languages. def sayGoodbye(name: String): Unit = { // Defining functions with 'def'. ': Unit =' means there's no return value (like void). println(s"Goodbye $name!") // Using string interpolation with the '$'. } sayGoodbye("Scala") // Calling our function without parentheses around arguments. }

Objective-C был популярным языком для разработчиков Apple до того, как появился Swift и украл его славу.

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> // Objective-C is an OOP language that extends C and adds a Smalltalk-style messaging system. int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { // Memory management! This block helps manage memory resources efficiently. NSLog(@"Hello old-school Apple!"); // Logging messages in ObjC - say hello to NSLog! } NSString *funFact = @"Objective-C can still party with Swift!"; NSLog(@"%@", funFact); // %@ is the format specifier for objects like NSString. Let's print it! return 0; // Exiting gracefully, just like grandpa told us. }

Assembly — это Чак Норрис среди языков программирования — вы его не выбираете; он выбирает вас.

section .data hello db 'Hello, bare-metal world!',0xA ; Define "hello" string with newline (0xA) at the end section .text global _start _start: mov eax,4 ; Prepare syscall for write operation (sys_write = 4) mov ebx,1 ; File descriptor: stdout (1); we're writing to console! lea ecx,[hello] ; Load address of our lovely message into ecx register add edx,len ; Calculate length of the string including newline character and store in edx register int 0x80 ; Trigger interrupt. Magic happens! Hello world appears! mov eax,1 ; Prepare syscall for exit operation (sys_exit = 1) xor ebx,ebx ; Set exit code to zero using xor trick; it means success! int 0x80 ; Another interrupt. Goodbye cruel world... len equ $-hello ;

Это язык ассемблера, на котором вы напрямую разговариваете со своим процессором! Это как водить машину с коробкой передач вместо автомата. У вас больше контроля, но и больше ответственности.

В этом фрагменте мы приветствуем «голый металлический мир», выводя сообщение на экране перед уходом 😢. Сборка может быть трудной, но обеспечивает непревзойденную производительность и понимание того, как на самом деле работают компьютеры.

Fortran подобен карманным часам вашего прадедушки – всё ещё тикает спустя столько лет!

! Welcome to the world of Fortran, where everything began. ! It's one of the oldest programming languages, created in 1957 for scientific computation. PROGRAM HelloFortranWorld ! This line declares our program and its name. PRINT *, "Hello, timeless world!" ! Say hello to a classic example of fixed-format code. The "*" defines default format. END PROGRAM HelloFortranWorld ! And this is how we close the program block. ! You might feel like a dinosaur while coding in Fortran, ! but it's still widely used in high-performance computing and engineering applications!

Lua похож на дублёра в бродвейской пьесе — всегда готов поддержать и никогда не жалуется на то, что находится в центре внимания.

-- Lua is an embeddable scripting language, great for game engines or extending applications. print("Hello from backstage!") -- Variables are dynamically typed. You don't have to specify the type when you declare it. local name = "LuaRocks" local age = 25 -- Functions can be easily assigned to variables and passed around like any other value. local function greet(person) print("Hey there, " .. person .. "! Lua loves ya!") end greet(name) -- Output: Hey there, LuaRocks! Lua loves ya! -- Tables in lua act as arrays, dictionaries and objects all at once! local band = { leadSinger = "John", drummer = "Paul" } print(band["leadSinger"]) -- Output: John

Rust предлагает безопасность без ущерба для производительности, как и костюм Железного человека.

// Rust is a systems programming language with built-in safety checks. // It prevents common programming errors like null pointers or memory leaks. fn main() { // println! is a macro (indicated by the exclamation mark) that prints to stdout. println!("Hello safer world!"); // You'll never forget a semicolon again! let x = 42; // Variables are immutable by default, which helps prevent bugs! let mut y = "Rustacean"; // But you can use `mut` to make them mutable if needed. match x { // Pattern matching in Rust is powerful and expressive! 0..=10 => print!("Small "), _ => print!("Big "), // The underscore (_) matches anything. } y = "in action!"; }

Julia сочетает в себе элегантность Ruby с мощью C++ — это как съесть свой пирог и чужой!

# Welcome to Julia, a high-performance language for technical computing println("Hello my boys!") # You can do math like it's nobody's business result = 3 * (5 + 2) / 7 # Don't forget the order of operations! println(result) # Functions are your friends; they help break down complex tasks into simpler ones function greet(name) return "Howdy, $(name)!" # String interpolation is as smooth as butter in Julia end greeting = greet("Partner") println(greeting) # Arrays store multiple elements so you don't have to juggle variables all day long fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] push!(fruits, "orange") # Bang! The exclamation mark indicates that fruits has been modified in-place for fruit in fruits # Loop through the array and enjoy each fruit one by one println("Yum, I love $(fruit)s!") end

TypeScript похож на Человека-паука для Питера Паркера из JavaScript — тот же человек, но намного круче и с дополнительными способностями.

// Welcome to TypeScript! It's a superset of JavaScript that brings static typing. // This means you can catch errors before runtime, which is pretty cool, right? console.log("Hello from your friendly neighborhood TypeScript!"); // You know what makes it more fun? Type annotations! let myNumber: number = 42; let myString: string = "Life, the Universe and Everything"; // But wait... there's more! Meet interfaces - they help define object shapes. interface Superhero { name: string; power: string; } const batman: Superhero = { name: 'Batman', power: 'Rich' };

Bash и PowerShell подобны волшебным палочкам для разработчиков — просто взмахните ими и наблюдайте, как выполняются задачи!

#!/bin/bash # Bash is a Unix shell scripting language that allows you to automate tasks. # It uses the # symbol for single-line comments, like this one. echo "Hello, automated world!" # echo command prints text on the screen DATE=$(date) # You can assign output of a command to a variable using $() echo "Today's date is: $DATE" if [[ "$USER" == "root" ]]; then # Conditional statements use double brackets [[ ]] echo "You are root!" # And don't forget the semicolon ; before 'then' else echo "Hi there, regular user ${USER}." # Use ${VAR} format to embed variables in strings fi # Close your if statement with 'fi', which is just 'if' spelled backwards (Bash fun!)

Groovy добавляет веселья в программирование на Java. Это как танцевать с Java субботним вечером.

// Say hi to the groovy world! println 'Hello groovy people!' // Groovy is like Java's chill cousin, who just wants to have a good time. def partyAnimal = 'Groovster' println "Let's party with ${partyAnimal}!" // Dynamic typing? No problemo in Groovy land! def coolNumber = 42 coolNumber = 'Now I am a string!' println coolNumber // Closures are your new best friends. They're like mini-functions you can pass around. def greetSomeone = { name -> println "Hey $name, let's get groovy!" } greetSomeone('Funky Fred') /* JavaScript might be the life of the web dev party, but when it comes to scripting and automation, Groovy knows how to boogie down! */

F# привносит функциональное программирование в .NET, доказывая, что даже Microsoft может развлекаться подобно Haskell.

// F# is a functional-first language, promoting immutability and function composition. let greet name = printfn "Hello, %s!" name // It seamlessly integrates with the .NET ecosystem, making it great for web development. open System.Net.Http let httpClient = HttpClient() // Pattern matching is powerful in F#, allowing you to destructure data and handle cases elegantly. type Shape = Circle of float | Rectangle of float * float let area shape = match shape with | Circle r -> Math.PI * r * r // No parantheses needed when calling functions! | Rectangle (w, h) -> w * h // Using tuples for easy multi-value passing. greet "functionally fabulous world!" printfn "Area of circle: %A" (area (Circle 4.0)) printfn "Area of rectangle: %A" (area (Rectangle(3.0, 5.0))) // On your coding journey's deathbed, don't regret not trying out F# as an alternative to JavaScript or PHP!

Elm похож на дзен-сад для функциональной веб-разработки — он спокоен, умиротворён, и всё на своих местах.

-- Elm is a delightfully pure, functional language for front-end web development. -- It compiles down to JavaScript, so it plays nicely with other web technologies. import Html exposing (text) -- Import the 'Html' module and expose the 'text' function main = -- The main function serves as an entry point for our Elm application text "Hello world from the land of purity!" -- The 'text' function creates an HTML text node with the given content {- Fun Fact: Elm's type system eliminates runtime errors, making your code more robust and easier to maintain. -} {- Another Fun Fact: Elm has its own package manager and architecture, which makes building complex applications a breeze! -}

Elixir обеспечивает параллелизм со стилем. Это как если бы Гарри Поттер занялся программированием вместо волшебства.

# Elixir is a functional, concurrent language built on the Erlang VM (BEAM) # It's great for fault-tolerant systems and hot code swapping! IO.puts("Expecto Patronum! I mean... Hello World!") # Pattern matching is one of Elixir's superpowers! {a, b} = {42, "magic"} # Immutability prevents side effects - no dark magic here. x = 7 x = x + 1 # This will raise an error # Anonymous functions with & syntax - just like wands without names! sum = &(&1 + &2) result = sum.(3, 4) # => result: 7 # Pipe operator |> directs output to next function - wizard-level chaining! "elixir" |> String.upcase() |> String.split("")

Haskell настолько ленив, что работает только в случае крайней необходимости. Мы все могли бы чему-то научиться на этом языке.

{- Haskell is a functional programming language with strong, static typing. It's known for its lazy evaluation and love of mathematical purity. -} import Data.Char (toLower) -- Let's import 'toLower' function from 'Data.Char' main = putStrLn "Hello from the land of laziness!" -- Here's a simple function to make strings lowercase using list comprehension. lowercase :: String -> String lowercase s = [toLower c | c <- s] {- Fun fact: In Haskell, you can define infinite lists like this: primes = sieve [2..] where sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve [x | x <- xs, x `mod` p /= 0] -}

Prolog заставляет вас думать о программировании совершенно по-другому. Вы готовы принять красную таблетку?

% Prolog, a logic programming language, is great for AI and symbolic reasoning. % The syntax is unique - it's all about facts, rules & queries! hello_world :- write('Welcome to the Matrix!\n'). % Define a rule: hello_world ?- hello_world. % Query (or call) the rule to print "Welcome to the Matrix!" % Fun fact: Prolog uses Horn clauses; Facts start with lowercase and end with a period. likes(john, pizza). % Fact: John likes pizza % Define rules using ":-" where left side is head & right side are conditions hungry(X) :- likes(X, pizza), time(lunch). % Rule: X is hungry if X likes pizza during lunchtime ?- hungry(john). % Query (or call) hungry/1 rule for john. Will return true or false. /* Congrats! You've dipped your toes in Prolog. Now go conquer logic puzzles like Sherlock Holmes! */

COBOL может быть старше ваших бабушек и дедушек, но на нём по-прежнему работает значительная часть современных критически важных систем.

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HelloWorld. * COBOL dates back to 1959 * Its syntax is more verbose and "English-like" compared to other languages, making it easier for some folks to read. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. CONFIGURATION SECTION. SOURCE-COMPUTER. IBM-PC. OBJECT-COMPUTER. IBM-PC. PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY 'COBOL says hi from yesteryear!' UPON CONSOLE. * This line prints a message on the console PERFORM VARYING I FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL I > 5 *> Super fun loop time: iterate through numbers 1 to 5 DISPLAY 'Iteration: ', I UPON CONSOLE *> Print the current iteration number in each loop cycle END-PERFORM STOP RUN. * Gracefully stop the program after loops and laughs are done!

В мире матричных манипуляций никто не может превзойти MATLAB в его игре. Это как Нео из "Матрицы", только по математике.

% MATLAB is short for Matrix Laboratory and is all about matrix manipulation. disp('Hello from the mathematical world!') % You can do simple calculations just like a calculator, but way cooler! a = 2 + 3; b = a * 4; % Prepare to be mind-blown! Create a magic square - rows, columns & diagonals sum up to the same number. magic_square = magic(3); % Want some fun? Generate random numbers in MATLAB. Goodbye casino! random_number = randi([1, 100]); % Plotting graphs has never been so easy! Let's plot y=sin(x) from x=0 to x=2*pi x = linspace(0, 2*pi); y = sin(x); plot(x,y) title('Yeehaw! Look at that beautiful sine wave!')

Pascal подобен тому строгому учителю, который заставляет тебя писать аккуратно и ставить правильные знаки препинания — неприятно, но необходимо.

program HelloWorld; (* Pascal is a highly structured, strongly typed language, great for teaching programming concepts *) begin (* The 'begin' keyword marks the start of a block in Pascal. It's like an opening brace in other languages *) WriteLn('Hello, disciplined world!'); (* WriteLn is a built-in procedure to output text followed by a newline character *) Writeln('Any application that can be written in JavaScript will eventually be written in JavaScript.'); end. (* Every statement ends with a semicolon ';' and the 'end.' closes our program block. Notice the period! *) { Now go explore more about this beautifully organized language! But remember, you might still end up needing to touch some JavaScript at some point ;) }

Clojure привносит возможности Lisp в JVM и предлагает свежий взгляд на функциональное программирование.

; Welcome to Clojure, a functional Lisp dialect that runs on the JVM! ; It's all about immutability and simplicity. So let's dive in! (defn greet [name] ; Defining a function called 'greet' with one parameter 'name'. (str "Hello, " name "!")) ; Concatenating strings using the 'str' function. (println (greet "Clojurians")) ; Calling our greet function and printing the result. (map #(* % 2) (range 1 6)) ; Anonymous functions (#()) are cool! Here we're doubling numbers from 1 to 5. (reduce + [1 2 3]) ; Using higher-order functions like reduce for operations over collections.

И вот оно!Безумное путешествие по эволюции популярных языков программирования, наполненное шутками и мемами.

Теперь иди вперёд, смелый кодер; вооружившись знаниями (и смеясь), покоряй айсберг языков программирования по одной строке кода за раз!

38 языков программирования. Я попробовал их все!

Scratch: Земля программирования Lego

BASIC: дедушка языков для начинающих

Python: отступ нации

JavaScript: неизбежное зло веб-разработчиков

Java: бессмертный язык

C: Старый и надёжный

C++: быстрее летящей пули

SQL: общайтесь со своей базой данных как профессионал

PHP: рабочая лошадка Интернета

Swift: любимец Apple

Kotlin: модный родственник Java

R: Лучший друг статистика

Go: быстрое детище Google

Dart: но не Вейдер

C#: лучшее творение Microsoft

Visual Basic: забытый герой

Perl: швейцарский армейский нож

Ruby: лучший друг программиста

Scala: сложный родственник Java

Objective-C: язык Apple до того, как он стал крутым

Assembly: где мужчин отделяют от мальчиков

Fortran: всё ещё сильнее перфокарты

Lua: незамеченный герой разработки игр

Rust: любимый язык Железного человека

Julia: Красота с мозгами и скоростью

TypeScript: альтер-эго супергероя JavaScript

Shell Script: автоматизируйте всё!

Groovy: Java в режиме вечеринки

F#: функциональное программирование FTW!

Elm: чисто функциональный веб-чемпион

Elixir: волшебное зелье для параллелизма

Haskell: ленивый язык, который действительно работает

Prolog: логическое программирование на свободе!

COBOL: Ещё не умер!

MATLAB: мастер матриц

Pascal: обучение хорошим привычкам с 1970 года

Clojure: Lisp на современный лад