история ЕС на английском
History of the European Union From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is part of a series "History of the European Union" European Union
Timeline of the history of the European Union: 1945-1957 1958-1972 1973-1993[en] 1993-2004[en] since 2004[en] see also History of EuropeExpansionTreatiesChronologyPresidency
1952-2007: EU enlargement The idea of creating the United States of Europe first arose after the American War of Independence. At the same time, in contrast to Napoleon's aims at the forcible-military unification of Europe, Alexander I, in the concept of the Holy Alliance, put forward the idea of consolidating European nations and states on the principles of voluntariness and the priority of spiritual and religious values.
The idea of the unification of Europe received a new life after the Second World War, when Winston Churchill announced the need for its implementation, calling on September 19, 1946 in his speech at the University of Zurich to create a "United States of Europe", similar to the United States of America. As a result, the Council of Europe was created in 1949, an organization that still exists today. The Council of Europe, however, was (and remains) something like the regional equivalent of the UN, focusing its activities on the problems of ensuring human rights in European countries.
Content 1 First stage 2 Second stage 3 Third stage 4 Fourth stage 5 Recent history 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Links First stage Main article: European Coal and Steel Community On May 9, 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman proposed the creation of a Franco-German association of coal and steel. This declaration paved the way for European integration. May 9th is celebrated as Europe Day.
April 18, 1951 Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Italy signed in Paris the Treaty on the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community) for a period of 50 years. The treaty entered into force in July 1952. Its main goals are to create a common market for coal and steel, modernize and increase the efficiency of production in the coal and metallurgical industries, improve working conditions and solve employment problems in these industries. The treaty was intended to strengthen peace in Europe and create the prerequisites for a close unification of peoples. By placing coal mining and steel production under international control, the parties to the treaty solved two problems: they contributed to the modernization of the national economy (which was then based on metallurgy and heavy industry), and also eliminated the possibility of preparing one of the countries for a new war.
The UK refused to participate in the ECSC for fear of limiting national sovereignty.
In order to deepen economic integration, the same six states in 1957 established the European Economic Community (EEC, Common Market) (EEC - European Economic Community) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom - European Atomic Energy Community). The EEC was created primarily as a customs union of six states, designed to ensure the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and people. Euratom was supposed to contribute to the unification of the peaceful nuclear resources of these states. The most important of these three European communities was the European Economic Community, so that later (in the 1990s) it became simply known as the European Community (EC - European Community).
The EEC was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which entered into force on January 1, 1958. In 1959, the members of the EEC created the European Parliament - a representative consultative, and later a legislative body.
The process of development and transformation of these European communities into the modern European Union took place through simultaneous structural evolution and institutional transformation into a more cohesive bloc of states with the transfer of an increasing number of management functions to the supranational level (the so-called process of European integration, or deepening of the union of states), on the one hand , and an increase in the number of members of the European Communities (and later the European Union) from 6 to 28 states (expansion of the union of states).
Second phase In January 1960, Great Britain and a number of other countries that were not members of the EEC formed an alternative organization - the European Free Trade Association. Great Britain, however, soon realized that the EEC was a much more effective association, and decided to join the EEC. Its example was followed by Ireland and Denmark, whose economy was heavily dependent on trade with Britain.
The first attempt was in 1961-1963, however, ended in failure due to the fact that the French President de Gaulle vetoed the decision on the entry of new members into the EEC. The result of the accession negotiations in 1966-1967 was similar.
In 1967, three European Communities (the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community) merged to form the European Communities.
The matter got off the ground only after General Charles de G.
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