Third, and most controversially, Western militaries should consider boarding, seizing and impounding vessels engaged in this trade. This was done successfully during the Balkan wars. And the US, UK and EU-nation navies have great skill in search and seizure, honed a decade ago in counter-piracy operations off West Africa (a mission I led as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s supreme commander). Maritime special forces — US Navy SEALS, the Royal Navy’s Special Boat Service and the like — could carry out the missions overtly or clandestinely.